Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802

Spot croaker

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Sciaenidae
Synonyms	Leiostomus humeralis, Mugil obliquus, Sciaena multifasciata, ... more
Common names	Tambour croca, Verrugato croca, Spot, ... more

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray. 1986. (Ref. 7251)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 450 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 12193)

Environment

Demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 10325)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 43°N - 19°N

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to northern Mexico; absent in southern Florida.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Found usually over sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Occurs in nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries during summer and fall. Juveniles often stay in the estuarine waters throughout the year. Feeds mainly on worms, small crustaceans and organic detritus. A small specimen of this species was caught in Tokyo Bay, Japan, probably brought in with the ballast water of a ship (Ref. 10325).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: occasionally


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)

PD₅₀ = 1.0000

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.4; tmax=4)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100)	Low

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Froese, Rainer

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